| 1 |
♠JT95
♥A9
♦K9763
♣J8
|
Dlr: North
Vul: None |
|
♠Q
♥Q3
♦Q54
♣KQ97653
|
♠A4
♥KJT654
♦AJ8
♣A2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
1 |
4 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
South |
1 |
4 |
1 |
7 |
1 |
East |
12 |
9 |
11 |
6 |
11 |
West |
12 |
9 |
11 |
6 |
11 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
|
460 |
2.50 |
0.50 |
3N |
E |
5 |
- |
7-Norris-Ford |
3-Anthony-Clark |
|
460 |
2.50 |
0.50 |
3N |
E |
5 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
480 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
4♥ |
E |
6 |
-1 |
6-White-Nickerson |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
|
490 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3N |
E |
6 |
-1 |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
1-Johnson-Crews |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 2 |
♠J832
♥JT853
♦A8
♣94
|
Dlr: East
Vul: N-S |
|
♠AT
♥KQ76
♦T62
♣AJT6
|
♠K64
♥9
♦KJ943
♣KQ82
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
3 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
4 |
South |
3 |
3 |
5 |
6 |
4 |
East |
10 |
10 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
West |
10 |
10 |
8 |
7 |
8 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
50 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
3N |
E |
-1 |
- |
7-Norris-Ford |
3-Anthony-Clark |
50 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
3N |
E |
-1 |
- |
6-White-Nickerson |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
|
400 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
3N |
W |
3 |
-1 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
430 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3N |
W |
4 |
-2 |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
1-Johnson-Crews |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 3 |
♠QT73
♥JT76
♦T
♣T765
|
Dlr: South
Vul: E-W |
|
♠98
♥A52
♦J85
♣QJ843
|
♠KJ6542
♥KQ
♦Q97
♣92
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
7 |
9 |
10 |
6 |
7 |
South |
7 |
9 |
10 |
6 |
7 |
East |
6 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
West |
6 |
4 |
3 |
6 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
130 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
2♦ |
S |
4 |
+1 |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
130 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♦ |
S |
4 |
+1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
3-Anthony-Clark |
|
50 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
3♦ |
S |
-1 |
-1 |
7-Norris-Ford |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
50 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
2♦ |
S |
-1 |
-2 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 4 |
♠T7
♥AKT953
♦J3
♣AK2
|
Dlr: West
Vul: Both |
|
♠-
♥864
♦KQT95
♣T8753
|
♠KQJ9853
♥J7
♦842
♣6
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
10 |
7 |
12 |
6 |
12 |
South |
10 |
6 |
11 |
6 |
12 |
East |
3 |
4 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
West |
3 |
4 |
1 |
6 |
1 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
690 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
S |
6 |
- |
1-Johnson-Crews |
3-Anthony-Clark |
680 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♥ |
N |
6 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
650 |
|
1.00 |
2.00 |
4♥ |
N |
5 |
-1 |
7-Norris-Ford |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
170 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3♠ |
E |
4 |
-4 |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 5 |
♠854
♥AQJ97
♦QJ
♣Q64
|
Dlr: North
Vul: N-S |
|
♠6
♥8632
♦KT985
♣872
|
♠KQT92
♥K5
♦62
♣AKJ5
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
3 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
6 |
South |
3 |
4 |
6 |
5 |
6 |
East |
9 |
8 |
6 |
8 |
7 |
West |
9 |
8 |
6 |
8 |
7 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
50 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♣ |
E |
-1 |
+2 |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
|
80 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
1♠ |
E |
1 |
+1 |
6-White-Nickerson |
3-Anthony-Clark |
|
80 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
1♠ |
E |
1 |
+1 |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
7-Norris-Ford |
|
90 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♣ |
E |
2 |
+1 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
1-Johnson-Crews |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 6 |
♠K5
♥Q75
♦KQ974
♣AJ6
|
Dlr: East
Vul: E-W |
|
♠4
♥T9832
♦AJ2
♣9875
|
♠A93
♥K6
♦T53
♣KQT32
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
8 |
7 |
11 |
7 |
South |
5 |
8 |
7 |
11 |
8 |
East |
7 |
4 |
6 |
2 |
3 |
West |
8 |
5 |
6 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
450 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♠ |
S |
5 |
- |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
450 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♠ |
S |
5 |
- |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
7-Norris-Ford |
200 |
|
0.50 |
2.50 |
3♠ |
S |
5 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
1-Johnson-Crews |
200 |
|
0.50 |
2.50 |
2♠ |
S |
5 |
- |
6-White-Nickerson |
3-Anthony-Clark |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 7 |
♠862
♥J63
♦8732
♣AJ6
|
Dlr: South
Vul: Both |
|
♠-
♥A9
♦KT965
♣KT8742
|
♠KQT943
♥QT5
♦A4
♣95
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
3 |
3 |
7 |
5 |
4 |
South |
2 |
3 |
7 |
5 |
4 |
East |
10 |
10 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
West |
10 |
10 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
4♣ |
W |
-1 |
+1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
100 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
3♥ |
S |
-1 |
+1 |
3-Anthony-Clark |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
|
110 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
3♣ |
W |
3 |
+1 |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
140 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♠ |
E |
3 |
-1 |
7-Norris-Ford |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 8 |
♠J96
♥KJ7
♦Q54
♣9853
|
Dlr: West
Vul: None |
|
♠AQT43
♥QT63
♦93
♣T6
|
♠2
♥82
♦KJT876
♣KQ72
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
7 |
5 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
South |
8 |
5 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
East |
5 |
8 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
West |
5 |
8 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
250 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
W |
-5 |
+1 |
7-Norris-Ford |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
|
90 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
2♦ |
E |
2 |
- |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
100 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
3♥ |
N |
-2 |
-1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
200 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3♠ |
S |
-4 |
-2 |
3-Anthony-Clark |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 9 |
♠6
♥K6543
♦A5
♣QT543
|
Dlr: North
Vul: E-W |
|
♠Q9742
♥Q9
♦KJT92
♣9
|
♠AT53
♥7
♦8764
♣AK76
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
8 |
3 |
9 |
3 |
6 |
South |
8 |
3 |
9 |
3 |
6 |
East |
4 |
10 |
3 |
10 |
6 |
West |
4 |
9 |
3 |
10 |
6 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
420 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
4♥ |
S |
4 |
+1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
|
50 |
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♥ |
S |
-1 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
3-Anthony-Clark |
|
100 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
5♥ |
S |
-2 |
- |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
100 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
4♥ |
S |
-2 |
-1 |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 10 |
♠7
♥AJT42
♦K98
♣KQ86
|
Dlr: East
Vul: Both |
|
♠QJ83
♥95
♦Q743
♣AT4
|
♠AKT42
♥K73
♦A5
♣J97
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
6 |
6 |
7 |
3 |
4 |
South |
6 |
6 |
7 |
3 |
4 |
East |
7 |
7 |
5 |
10 |
8 |
West |
7 |
7 |
6 |
10 |
9 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♠ |
E |
-1 |
+1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
100 |
|
2.50 |
0.50 |
4♠ |
E |
-1 |
+1 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
3-Anthony-Clark |
|
170 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
2♠ |
E |
4 |
- |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
170 |
0.50 |
2.50 |
2♠ |
E |
4 |
- |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 11 |
♠AKT32
♥J6
♦A76
♣K82
|
Dlr: South
Vul: None |
|
♠84
♥KQ73
♦KQT54
♣JT
|
♠QJ65
♥AT5
♦J83
♣Q64
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
8 |
5 |
5 |
7 |
5 |
South |
8 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
East |
5 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
West |
5 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
150 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
1N |
N |
3 |
+4 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
110 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
1♠ |
N |
2 |
+1 |
3-Anthony-Clark |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
100 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
1♠* |
N |
-1 |
-1 |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
7-Norris-Ford |
|
110 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♥ |
W |
2 |
-1 |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
6-White-Nickerson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 12 |
♠KJT
♥AQ6
♦T9
♣T7654
|
Dlr: West
Vul: N-S |
|
♠65
♥J8542
♦K42
♣K32
|
♠AQ984
♥KT3
♦753
♣J8
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
7 |
7 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
South |
7 |
7 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
East |
6 |
6 |
8 |
7 |
5 |
West |
6 |
6 |
8 |
7 |
5 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
90 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
2♦ |
S |
2 |
+1 |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
7-Norris-Ford |
90 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
1N |
N |
1 |
+1 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
90 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
2♦ |
S |
2 |
+1 |
3-Anthony-Clark |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
100 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♦ |
S |
-1 |
- |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
6-White-Nickerson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 13 |
♠KJ98
♥4
♦Q74
♣QJ964
|
Dlr: North
Vul: Both |
|
♠AQ62
♥KQT976
♦A6
♣T
|
♠74
♥AJ53
♦JT9532
♣2
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
10 |
3 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
South |
10 |
3 |
2 |
6 |
5 |
East |
3 |
9 |
10 |
6 |
7 |
West |
3 |
10 |
10 |
6 |
7 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
|
170 |
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♥ |
W |
4 |
- |
6-White-Nickerson |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
|
620 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
4♥ |
W |
4 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
|
620 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
4♥ |
W |
4 |
- |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
|
650 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
4♥ |
W |
5 |
-1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
7-Norris-Ford |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 14 |
♠JT4
♥A4
♦QJ843
♣KT5
|
Dlr: East
Vul: None |
|
♠A987
♥5
♦KT765
♣873
|
♠KQ2
♥T9862
♦A2
♣QJ6
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
7 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
South |
7 |
5 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
East |
6 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
6 |
West |
6 |
7 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
110 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♥ |
S |
2 |
+1 |
6-White-Nickerson |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
100 |
|
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♠ |
W |
-2 |
+1 |
1-Johnson-Crews |
7-Norris-Ford |
100 |
|
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♠ |
W |
-2 |
+1 |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
|
90 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
1N |
W |
1 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 15 |
♠AQT
♥K97
♦A986
♣T92
|
Dlr: South
Vul: N-S |
|
♠J42
♥J8543
♦Q7
♣A85
|
♠K9865
♥AQ
♦KJ4
♣KJ4
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
6 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
South |
5 |
6 |
4 |
3 |
4 |
East |
8 |
7 |
9 |
9 |
9 |
West |
8 |
7 |
9 |
10 |
9 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
50 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3♠ |
E |
-1 |
+1 |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
1-Johnson-Crews |
|
110 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
2♠ |
E |
2 |
+1 |
7-Norris-Ford |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
|
110 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
1♠ |
E |
2 |
+1 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
6-White-Nickerson |
|
170 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
2♥ |
E |
4 |
-1 |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
3-Anthony-Clark |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 16 |
♠AT62
♥74
♦QJT
♣J943
|
Dlr: West
Vul: E-W |
|
♠KQ843
♥T5
♦A765
♣KQ
|
♠97
♥AJ8
♦93
♣AT8652
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
4 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
South |
4 |
7 |
7 |
6 |
6 |
East |
9 |
6 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
West |
9 |
5 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
2♠ |
W |
-1 |
- |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
1-Johnson-Crews |
|
110 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
3♣ |
E |
3 |
- |
7-Norris-Ford |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
|
110 |
1.50 |
1.50 |
3♣ |
E |
3 |
- |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
3-Anthony-Clark |
|
630 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3N |
E |
4 |
-3 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
6-White-Nickerson |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 17 |
♠K93
♥KT762
♦Q
♣8642
|
Dlr: North
Vul: None |
|
♠QT54
♥Q83
♦742
♣QT5
|
♠AJ6
♥A94
♦AKJ86
♣A7
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
5 |
3 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
South |
5 |
3 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
East |
7 |
10 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
West |
7 |
10 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
100 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
3N |
E |
-2 |
+3 |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
1-Johnson-Crews |
50 |
|
2.00 |
1.00 |
4♠ |
E |
-1 |
- |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
7-Norris-Ford |
|
430 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
3N |
E |
4 |
- |
3-Anthony-Clark |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
|
460 |
0.00 |
3.00 |
3N |
E |
5 |
-1 |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
| 18 |
♠Q876
♥-
♦K865
♣KQ743
|
Dlr: East
Vul: N-S |
|
♠KT2
♥K862
♦AQJT
♣86
|
♠J
♥AQJT953
♦43
♣T92
|
|
|
|
|
|
Double Dummy Makes |
|
♣ |
♦ |
♥ |
♠ |
NT |
North |
9 |
7 |
3 |
10 |
5 |
South |
9 |
7 |
3 |
10 |
5 |
East |
3 |
6 |
9 |
2 |
7 |
West |
3 |
6 |
9 |
3 |
7 |
|
|
|
N-S |
E-W |
N-S |
E-W |
Contract |
ETF |
N-S |
E-W |
50 |
|
3.00 |
0.00 |
5♥ |
E |
-1 |
-1 |
5-Feuille-Saltzstein |
4-Hickman-Welshimer |
|
420 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
4♥ |
E |
4 |
-1 |
8-Bingham-Stripling |
1-Johnson-Crews |
|
420 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
4♥ |
E |
4 |
-1 |
10-Calhoon-Favors |
7-Norris-Ford |
|
420 |
1.00 |
2.00 |
4♥ |
E |
4 |
-1 |
3-Anthony-Clark |
9-Osborn-O'Donnell |
ETF: Extra Trick Factor: Number of tricks that N-S achieved relative to the Double Dummy expectations.
|
