EVENT>Open Pairs |SESSION>Wednesday Aft|SECTION> A N-S ------------------------,------ ------------,-------- -------------------------- DATE>August 11, 2021 |CLUB NO.>269399 | 08/11/2021 15:46 ---------------------,-- ------------------- -------------,--------------------- DIR> Kandi Osborne |RATING>Club - North American Pairs |MOVEMENT>MITCHELL ------------,-------- ,-------------------------,--------- --------------------- AVE> 84.0 |TOP> 6 |MP LIMITS>None/2500/500 |CLUB>In Tempo Bridge Club ------------ --------- ------------------------- ------------------------------- PAIRS IN STRAT A=7/B=6/C=2 ,---,------------,-----------------,-------------------------,------,---------, -------------------------------------------------| | Qualifiers | Overall | Section | |Final | No Name Name |Flt| A B C |Rnk-A|Rnk-B|Rnk-C|Rnk-A|Rnk-B|Rnk-C| Score | Pct |Awards | ------------------------------------------------- --- ------------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- ------ --------- 1 Peter Blake-Ward Marilyn Kratter B Q Q 4 2 . | 2 1 . 90.50 53.87 0.79Red 0.79Blk 2 John Burchfield Judy Burchfield C . . . | . . . 74.00 44.05 3 Alice Pierce Elayne Zack B . . . | . . . 68.00 40.48 4 Pamela Levy Robert Galler B . . . | . . . 77.00 45.83 5 Jack Berton, Jr Kay Morse B Q Q . 4 . | 3 2 . 88.50 52.68 0.45Red 0.44Blk 6 Vic Quiros Kandi Osborne A Q 1 . . | 1 . . 105.50 62.80 1.60Red 1.59Blk 7 S Edward Hargest Ronald Pierce C Q Q Q . . 2 | . . 1 84.50 50.30 0.46Red 0.46Blk Totals 588.00 EVENT>Open Pairs |SESSION>Wednesday Aft|SECTION> A E-W ------------------------,------ ------------,-------- -------------------------- DATE>August 11, 2021 |CLUB NO.>269399 | 08/11/2021 15:46 ---------------------,-- ------------------- -------------,--------------------- DIR> Kandi Osborne |RATING>Club - North American Pairs |MOVEMENT>MITCHELL ------------,-------- ,-------------------------,--------- --------------------- AVE> 84.0 |TOP> 6 |MP LIMITS>None/2500/500 |CLUB>In Tempo Bridge Club ------------ --------- ------------------------- ------------------------------- PAIRS IN STRAT A=7/B=6/C=3 ,---,------------,-----------------,-------------------------,------,---------, -------------------------------------------------| | Qualifiers | Overall | Section | |Final | No Name Name |Flt| A B C |Rnk-A|Rnk-B|Rnk-C|Rnk-A|Rnk-B|Rnk-C| Score | Pct |Awards | ------------------------------------------------- --- ------------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- ------ --------- 1 Vickie Turner Dick Abell B Q Q 5 3 . | 3 2 . 89.50 53.27 0.59Red 0.59Blk 2 Steven Sapiro Mary Shapiro B Q Q . . . | . . . 82.00 48.81 3 Matt Farber Lois Bender B . . . | . . . 69.50 41.37 4 Murali Nair Peter Bronstein A Q 2 . . | 1 . . 102.50 61.01 1.20Red 1.19Blk 5 Nancy Hargest Sandy Cosgrove C Q . . . | . . . 72.00 42.86 6 Dennis Weiland James Wareham C . . . | . . . 71.50 42.56 7 Jane Ash Pat Finkle C Q Q Q 3 1 1 | 2 1 1 101.00 60.12 1.05Red 1.05Blk Totals 588.00 RESULTS OF BOARD 1 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 5.50 0.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 1-Turner-Abell 100 4.00 2.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 3-Farber-Bender 140 5.50 0.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 50 1.50 4.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 7-Ash-Finkle 90 3.00 3.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 140 0.00 6.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 50 1.50 4.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 6-Weiland-Wareham ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 2 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 5.00 1.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 1-Turner-Abell 600 2.00 4.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 3-Farber-Bender 200 1.00 5.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 630 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 7-Ash-Finkle 170 0.00 6.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 650 5.00 1.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 650 5.00 1.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 6-Weiland-Wareham ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 3 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 420 3.00 3.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 1-Turner-Abell 420 3.00 3.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 3-Farber-Bender 420 3.00 3.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 420 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 7-Ash-Finkle 420 3.00 3.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 420 3.00 3.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 420 3.00 3.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 6-Weiland-Wareham ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 4 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 620 3.00 3.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 1-Turner-Abell 600 5.50 0.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 3-Farber-Bender 600 5.50 0.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 690 1.00 5.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 7-Ash-Finkle 620 3.00 3.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 1370 0.00 6.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 620 3.00 3.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 6-Weiland-Wareham ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 5 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 2.50 3.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 7-Ash-Finkle 650 2.50 3.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 200 0.00 6.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 650 2.50 3.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 680 5.50 0.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 1-Turner-Abell 680 5.50 0.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 3-Farber-Bender 650 2.50 3.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 6 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 3.50 2.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 7-Ash-Finkle 100 5.00 1.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 100 3.50 2.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 150 1.00 5.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 620 0.00 6.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 1-Turner-Abell 300 6.00 0.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 3-Farber-Bender 110 2.00 4.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 7 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 110 3.50 2.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 7-Ash-Finkle 110 3.50 2.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 650 0.50 5.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 140 5.50 0.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 500 2.00 4.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 1-Turner-Abell 650 0.50 5.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 3-Farber-Bender 140 5.50 0.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 8 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 1.50 4.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 7-Ash-Finkle 50 4.00 2.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 100 1.50 4.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 50 4.00 2.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 300 0.00 6.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 1-Turner-Abell 450 6.00 0.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 3-Farber-Bender 50 4.00 2.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 9 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 130 4.00 2.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 600 2.00 4.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 1-Turner-Abell 100 5.00 1.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 3-Farber-Bender 150 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 630 0.50 5.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 7-Ash-Finkle 200 6.00 0.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 630 0.50 5.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 4-Nair-Bronstein ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 10 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.50 0.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 100 5.50 0.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 1-Turner-Abell 90 1.50 4.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 3-Farber-Bender 110 0.00 6.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove PASS 3.50 2.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 7-Ash-Finkle PASS 3.50 2.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 90 1.50 4.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 4-Nair-Bronstein ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 11 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 2.00 4.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 50 3.50 2.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 1-Turner-Abell 140 0.50 5.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 3-Farber-Bender 150 6.00 0.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 140 0.50 5.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 7-Ash-Finkle 100 5.00 1.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 50 3.50 2.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 4-Nair-Bronstein ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 12 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 170 2.00 4.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 130 0.00 6.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 1-Turner-Abell 150 1.00 5.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 3-Farber-Bender 620 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 650 5.00 1.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 7-Ash-Finkle 650 5.00 1.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 650 5.00 1.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 4-Nair-Bronstein ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 13 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 620 2.50 3.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 620 2.50 3.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 7-Ash-Finkle 600 1.00 5.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 200 0.00 6.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 630 4.50 1.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 630 4.50 1.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 1-Turner-Abell 660 6.00 0.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 3-Farber-Bender ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 14 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 3.50 2.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 100 3.50 2.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 7-Ash-Finkle 150 0.00 6.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 100 3.50 2.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 50 6.00 0.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 100 3.50 2.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 1-Turner-Abell 140 1.00 5.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 3-Farber-Bender ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 15 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 690 5.00 1.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 100 0.00 6.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 7-Ash-Finkle 150 1.00 5.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 660 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 690 5.00 1.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 690 5.00 1.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 1-Turner-Abell 600 2.00 4.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 3-Farber-Bender ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 16 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 200 6.00 0.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 140 0.50 5.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 7-Ash-Finkle 140 4.50 1.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 100 2.50 3.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 140 0.50 5.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 100 2.50 3.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 1-Turner-Abell 140 4.50 1.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 3-Farber-Bender ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 17 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 0.00 6.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 50 1.50 4.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 430 5.50 0.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 1-Turner-Abell 110 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 3-Farber-Bender 430 5.50 0.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 170 4.00 2.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 7-Ash-Finkle 50 1.50 4.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 18 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 650 4.50 1.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 630 2.00 4.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 100 0.00 6.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 1-Turner-Abell 650 4.50 1.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 3-Farber-Bender 650 4.50 1.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 650 4.50 1.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 7-Ash-Finkle 620 1.00 5.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 19 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 120 3.50 2.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 110 1.00 5.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 90 0.00 6.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 1-Turner-Abell 120 3.50 2.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 3-Farber-Bender 120 3.50 2.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 120 3.50 2.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 7-Ash-Finkle 150 6.00 0.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 20 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 630 0.00 6.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 140 4.50 1.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 620 2.00 4.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 1-Turner-Abell 620 2.00 4.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 3-Farber-Bender 140 4.50 1.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 620 2.00 4.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 7-Ash-Finkle 120 6.00 0.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 21 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 170 4.50 1.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 3-Farber-Bender 450 0.00 6.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 420 1.50 4.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 7-Ash-Finkle 170 4.50 1.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 420 1.50 4.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 170 4.50 1.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 170 4.50 1.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 1-Turner-Abell ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 22 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 0.50 5.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 3-Farber-Bender 110 5.50 0.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 90 3.00 3.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 7-Ash-Finkle 100 0.50 5.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 100 4.00 2.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 110 5.50 0.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 90 2.00 4.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 1-Turner-Abell ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 23 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 100 5.50 0.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 3-Farber-Bender 110 0.50 5.50 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 90 3.00 3.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 7-Ash-Finkle 100 5.50 0.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 90 3.00 3.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 110 0.50 5.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 90 3.00 3.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 1-Turner-Abell ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 24 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 5.00 1.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 3-Farber-Bender 100 0.00 6.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 50 2.00 4.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 7-Ash-Finkle 50 2.00 4.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 50 4.00 2.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 420 6.00 0.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 50 2.00 4.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 1-Turner-Abell ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 25 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 90 2.50 3.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 100 4.00 2.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 120 5.50 0.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 50 0.50 5.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 1-Turner-Abell 120 5.50 0.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 3-Farber-Bender 90 2.50 3.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 50 0.50 5.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 7-Ash-Finkle ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 26 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 600 0.50 5.50 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 150 3.00 3.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 150 3.00 3.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 150 3.00 3.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 1-Turner-Abell 600 0.50 5.50 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 3-Farber-Bender 200 6.00 0.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 100 5.00 1.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 7-Ash-Finkle ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 27 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 140 5.00 1.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 140 5.00 1.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 110 2.50 3.50 3-Pierce-Zack vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 100 0.50 5.50 4-Levy-Galler vs 1-Turner-Abell 140 5.00 1.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 3-Farber-Bender 110 2.50 3.50 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 100 0.50 5.50 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 7-Ash-Finkle ---------------------------------------------------------------------- RESULTS OF BOARD 28 SCORES MATCHPOINTS NAMES N-S E-W N-S E-W 50 1.00 5.00 1-Blake-Ward-Kratter vs 2-Sapiro-Shapiro 140 0.00 6.00 2-Burchfield-Burchfield vs 4-Nair-Bronstein 200 5.00 1.00 3-Pierce-Zack vs 6-Weiland-Wareham 200 5.00 1.00 4-Levy-Galler vs 1-Turner-Abell 200 5.00 1.00 5-Berton, Jr-Morse vs 3-Farber-Bender 170 3.00 3.00 6-Quiros-Osborne vs 5-Hargest-Cosgrove 100 2.00 4.00 7-Hargest-Pierce vs 7-Ash-Finkle ----------------------------------------------------------------------